Africa
- 1899
Cecil Rhodes -Zimbabwe
Lord Kitchener
Winston Churchill
English create worlds first concentration camps
Kidnap women and children and put them into camps-destroy homes
-England wins Boer War
-They recognize certain degree of independence
-Commonwealth status
-began to economically rebuild South Africa, create political strict, dominated by the Boers
-Issue as no one was communicating with Bantus who make up 80% of pop
-Bantus call themselves the African Nation Congress (ANC)
-Afrikaans believed themselves to be 'superior' than Bantus
WW11
- 1939 WW11 breaks out
- Afrikaans support Nazis as they are both for white supremacy
- want to continue to suppress the black population
- Dutch Reform Church-support nazis
- 1948 election (Nationalist Party-NP)
- Apartheid
Solgan for SA until 1990
Daniel Francois Marlan:- Class individuals by race
- banned interbreeding
- 1950- Group Areas Act
- 1953-Seperate Amenities Act
Created white towns- 1966- Homelands Act
Legal seperation- blacks could not enter white land and vise versa
Created a situation where 80+% of the population was given 13% of the worst land - come up with slogan Apartheid (separate from blacks)
- Daniel Francois Mulan becomes driving force
- Apartheid steps : Class by race, interbreeding is banned
-Geographic Seperation
-Separate Amenities act 1953
*Had to carry identification cards
Created white towns
- 1966 white government creates "Homelands"
- Called Bantustands- slum areas for blacks
- Whites weren't allowed in Bantustands
- 80% of populations given 13% of the worst land
Albert Luthuli
1960-Sharpesville massacre police killed 70 during peaceful protest
Canada, Great Britain and Australia took a stance
1961- South Africa withdraw from Commonwealth
Nelson Mandela
Spear of the Nation
violent wing of the ANC
Nelson Mandela -leader
1956 charged with treason acquitted in 1961
Mandela restorts to violence
1964-1989 He is arrested and sentenced to life in prison-Robben Island
Soweto Uprising
- 1974- Afrikaans Medium Decree
Police arrived as the crowd grew
Police are ordered to open fire- 1500 police
600 people killed
Turning point- white university students realize that this is not the right thing to do (Whites start marching with the blacks)
SA banned from everything (isolation) no tradding, no sports
- 1985- state of emergancy placed- country so unstable
- 1989- Botha is done
Brings in DeKlerk
First thing he does is legalises ANC- blacks now have a voice
Mandela is freed- end of Apartheid
- 1993- Mandela and DeKlerk jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
QUOTE: It is better to lead from behind and to put others in front, especially when you celebrate victory when nice things occur. You take the front line when there is danger. Then people will appreciate your leadership.
Nelson Mandela
Subjunctive Question: If Nelson Mandela hadn't existed, would South Africa be different than it is today?
3,2,1
Injustice
Racist
Triumph
Do black and white south africans still struggle to maintain today?
If Apartheid wouldn't have occurred, how would history have differed?
Coloured South Africans were like animals, beaten til the death